Based on all of this research, it looked like the Rubenstein family, all of them, changed their name to Sugarman. Why would they have done that? And how exactly is Sigmund (or Susman, as written on one boat record) actually connected to the Sugarmans?
I'd actually connected to two living Sugarman descendents. One is descended from Chatzkel and one from Sigmund. Neither had heard of a Rubenstein connection and didn't seem too confident in our families' connection. So a bit more research was in order.
Back to the Nezhin microfilm. Was there a Sugarman family in Nezhin? At this point I still am not finished going through the 1850s, but at this point there are records pointing to multiple children born to Avraham and Henya Tzuckerman. Avraham's father is given as Chatzkel and Henya's father was Chaim. Chatzkel Rubenstein's father is also Avraham.
The vital records also revealed that the Tzukerman family was registered in Lebodova in Vilna Gubernia. I searched Jewishgen for records from that town--and half the town was Tsukermans! In addition, there were Rubensteins in the town. Interestingly, Lebodova is only 16 miles from Krasnoye, the town where the Halperins were registered; both were far from their registration towns in Nezhin, but possibly they knew one another before.
The vital records also revealed that the Tzukerman family was registered in Lebodova in Vilna Gubernia. I searched Jewishgen for records from that town--and half the town was Tsukermans! In addition, there were Rubensteins in the town. Interestingly, Lebodova is only 16 miles from Krasnoye, the town where the Halperins were registered; both were far from their registration towns in Nezhin, but possibly they knew one another before.