Diamant/Diamond is a very common name. Most Diamonds (and variants) are not related to me, as many distinct families took the same surname. But I’m always on the hunt for Diamonds who are related.
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| Schloma Diment Manifest; June 5, 1911 |
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| Results from SteveMorse.org's Gold Form |
I recently spent time at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum's Shappell Center (located in Bowie, Maryland), finding documents relating to my relatives. Before going, it's important to have done your homework, reserving materials and logging what you hope to find in each record set. You'll have a set amount of time to do your research, so advance planning is critical to make sure you can get everything you want while there.
Remember, there are many record sets that are Holocaust-related, but there are also many record sets related to pre-war European Jewry (and some non-Jewish communities as well).
I have a scheduled research appointment at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), and I've been preparing for what I'll want to see while I'm there. But one thing I've noticed is that not all USHMM research needs to be done in person, as there are documents that are scanned and available remotely from the comfort of your home. And it's also important to note that not all collections housed by USHMM are Holocaust-related--some documents that the museum has are from events that took place well before the Holocaust.
Below I'll show an example of a document found that mentions one of my relatives in 1919, and then I'll explain how you can see if there are documents relating to your ancestral town or relatives.
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| List of 1919 Pogrom Victims for Nezhin; Derz︠h︡avnyĭ arkhiv Kyïvsʹkoï oblasti via US Holocaust Museum Memorial |
I've indexed records for many towns for JewishGen. I feel like I get to know families, as I see their joyful events (marriages and births records) and sorrowful ones (death records) unfold over decades. Now that records in Ukraine (which has a 75-year privacy law after which records are accessible) include vital events through 1945, I also see when Jewish life abruptly ended in some of these towns.
Last week, I was indexing records from the villages of Dulfalva, Hungary (now Dulovo, Ukraine) and Talaborfalva, Hungary (now Tereblya, Ukraine). These two adjacent small villages' vital events were recorded in the same books.
The 1940s were tumultuous in the area, with some of the population's Jews being deported to Kamenets-Podolsk in 1941, and the area changed hands many times--from Czechoslovakia to Hungary to local rule to Hungary and then Germany's invasion. This is reflected in the number of Jewish births each year: 1938 (10 births), 1939 (11 births), 1940 (10 births), 1941 (4 births), 1942 (1 birth), 1943 (2 births). And then no Jewish births in 1944 or 1945 or thereafter.
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| Frida Laksz Birth, Dulfalva, July 1943 |
My 4th great grandfather David Rutner was born in what is now Kolodne, Ukraine, but which was Darva, Austria-Hungary during his life. I've found various clues about his life over the years, but I know to always check where I've checked before, as more is getting digitized and discovered all the time. I semi-regularly check Arcanum Digitheca, a great resource for Hungarian newspapers, journals, and more, but it had been a while. And sure enough, when I checked recently, I found a newly-added 1857 article in German that mentioned David Ruthner from Darva!
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| Pester Lloyd, February 5, 1857 |
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| Front Row L-R: Yosef Wollich, Mendel Chechman, Devorah Chechman; Back Row L-R: Sara Fine Wollich, Moshe Wollich, Chaike Chechman. All were murdered in the Holocaust |
If you have family from what is now Zakarpattya Oblast, Ukraine, or from the areas immediately bordering (including towns in Romania, Slovakia and Hungary), there is an incredible newly-online resource available. There are records for both Jews and non-Jews in this collection. The predominant languages in the records are Hungarian and Slovakian, but there are also documents in Ukrainian, Yiddish, German, Romanian, and possibly more. I'll talk about where these are from, the types of documents I've found so far, how to best navigate these records to find your family members' documents, as well as how to deal with records in foreign (to you) languages below.
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| Statement for Mendel Rutner (my 1C3R), as an industrialist, 1939 (page 2). This second page asks for the paternal and maternal grandparents for both himself and his spouse. It also asks for their children's dates of birth |
JewishGen is an incredible collection of resources, especially the databases containing millions of indexed records--which has thousands of new records being added each month. But both because of how JewishGen's search engine works as well as how records are being indexed from (mostly) Eastern European languages to English, you may not be finding indexed records that are there and you would want to find. This post will discuss some different techniques that could help you find these records. And if you have additional techniques, please add them in the comments to help other readers!
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| JewishGen's Search Interface |
The USCIS Genealogy Program holds many historical records, including US immigrant A-Files and C-Files. These can be a treasure trove of information for genealogists, sometimes including original birth certificates, photos, and more. (To get an idea of the types of information you can get, you can see what I received for my grandfather here and here, as well as my grandmother here and here.)
The program has always been slow to respond (it took 16 months to get my grandmother's A-File, and that was with me sending regular pings) and not inexpensive. Back in 2020, USCIS tried to raise the already high rates by an exorbitant amount, and thankfully that request was denied. But they are trying again. And we need your help to stop this 269% (yes, 269%!!) fee hike from happening.
(And besides, many of these records should already be publicly and readily available at the National Archives, without having to deal with the bottleneck and transparency-free entity that is the USCIS Genealogy Program.)
Yad Vashem, Israel's Holocaust Memorial, has been digitizing and indexing many Holocaust-related records and making them searchable by the public. Their Pages of Testimony, where people memorialized relatives who were murdered during the war, have been searchable for a while and are an invaluable resource. But even if you've looked at Yad Vashem's database of records in the past, it's definitely worth re-looking every so often because of the scope of record sets they've added.
One of their recent additions has been information about Hungarian Holocaust Survivors--including many that were from what is now Subcarpathian Ukraine (where my mother's mother's family originated)--which can help you identify relatives who survived the war.
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| Survivor Card for my 2nd cousin twice removed Samuel Ruttner/Fuchs |
